diff --git a/src-tauri/src/commands.rs b/src-tauri/src/commands.rs
index b0c4aa4..e9f064a 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/commands.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/commands.rs
@@ -307,7 +307,13 @@ fn pack_snapshot(rows: Vec<(i64, Option<u32>, Option<u32>, Option<u32>, i64, i64
         buf.extend_from_slice(&(w.min(65535) as u16).to_le_bytes());
         buf.extend_from_slice(&(h.min(65535) as u16).to_le_bytes());
         buf.push(kind as u8);
-        let flags = if thumb_state == 1 { 1u8 } else { 0u8 };
+        // 비트0 = 썸네일 준비됨(state 1), 비트1 = 생성 시도했으나 실패(state 2).
+        // 둘 다 0이면 생성 대기(state 0) — 프론트에서 스켈레톤/실패표시 구분용.
+        let flags = match thumb_state {
+            1 => 1u8,
+            2 => 2u8,
+            _ => 0u8,
+        };
         buf.push(flags);
     }
     buf
diff --git a/src/features/grid/JustifiedGrid.tsx b/src/features/grid/JustifiedGrid.tsx
index 059c4e3..18a4b38 100644
--- a/src/features/grid/JustifiedGrid.tsx
+++ b/src/features/grid/JustifiedGrid.tsx
@@ -387,6 +387,11 @@ export const JustifiedGrid: Component = () => {
                 const s = snapshot();
                 return !!s && (s.hasThumb(i) || version() > 0);
               };
+              // 썸네일 미준비 상태: 실패(state 2)면 정적 표시, 그 외엔 '생성 중' 스켈레톤.
+              const failed = () => {
+                const s = snapshot();
+                return !!s && s.thumbFailed(i);
+              };
               const isVideo = () => {
                 const s = snapshot();
                 return !!s && s.kind(i) === 1;
@@ -417,7 +422,22 @@ export const JustifiedGrid: Component = () => {
                     if (s) onCellDragStart(e, s, i);
                   }}
                 >
-                  <Show when={showImg() && info()}>
+                  <Show
+                    when={showImg() && info()}
+                    fallback={
+                      // 준비 전: 실패면 정적 아이콘, 대기면 은은한 스켈레톤(생성 중)
+                      <Show
+                        when={!failed()}
+                        fallback={
+                          <div class="grid h-full w-full place-items-center text-[var(--text-muted)]">
+                            <span class="text-base opacity-60">🖼</span>
+                          </div>
+                        }
+                      >
+                        <div class="h-full w-full animate-pulse bg-[var(--bg-hover)]" />
+                      </Show>
+                    }
+                  >
                     <img
                       src={`${thumbUrl(info()!, id())}&v=${version()}`}
                       class="h-full w-full object-cover"
diff --git a/src/ipc/commands.ts b/src/ipc/commands.ts
index 7f6b2d3..0383d9b 100644
--- a/src/ipc/commands.ts
+++ b/src/ipc/commands.ts
@@ -98,6 +98,10 @@ export class Snapshot {
   hasThumb(i: number): boolean {
     return (this.view.getUint8(i * ITEM_BYTES + 9) & 1) !== 0;
   }
+  /** 썸네일 생성을 시도했으나 실패함(state 2) — 대기와 구분해 스켈레톤을 멈추기 위함 */
+  thumbFailed(i: number): boolean {
+    return (this.view.getUint8(i * ITEM_BYTES + 9) & 2) !== 0;
+  }
   /** 레이아웃 워커 입력용 종횡비 배열 (미지 치수는 1:1) */
   aspectRatios(): Float32Array {
     const out = new Float32Array(this.count);